Main menu / 2017, vol.2, no.1 / S.M. Czerwonnaja

Fundamentals of the Lithuanian Tatars’ identity: the historical basis and contemporary aspects

S.M. Czerwonnaja

28-63 p.



The subject of the author’s research work, the results of which are presented in the article, is the ethnic group of the Lithuanian Tatars. This group derived its name from the Great Lithuanian Principality, where its formation began in the Middle Age. At present this group is indivisible in its cultural-historical dimension and consists of three communities that reside in Poland, Lithuania, and Byelorussia and that have the legal status of ethnic minorities as part of the population of the three listed independent states. The history and culture of the Lithuanian Tatars (mainly the monuments of the material culture: wood and stone mosques, Muslim graveyards – mizars, manuscripts – books – kitabs, prayer-books – hamails, original paintings and graphic works – muhirs, similar to the shamails of the Kazan Tatars) has been in the focus of the European researchers’s attention, including the scholars from the Lithuanian Tatars’ milieu, for quite a long timealready. They are also provided with the rich literature in the sphere of the closelyrelated humanities. At the same time, there are some obvious essential contradictions and remarkable gaps in this literature. Contentious debates on the terminological definition of the given group are being unfolded: whether it is possible to call all of the group’s members “Lithuanian Tatars” regardless of their current citizenship; whether they form a separate, independent ethnos (ethnic group) or it should be considered an ethnographic group (a part of an other, greater ethnos). The least studied problem related to the foundation of the group’s identity under the current conditions of its division between the three states. The author focuses her attention on these particular questionable, disputable, and insufficiently studied issues.


Keywords: ethnic self-consciousness, identity, Lithuanian Tatars’ culture Lithuania and Byelorussia, Tatar communities in Poland


REFERENCES

1. Aleksandrowicz J. Litovskiye Tatary [Lithuanian Tatars]. Izvestiya Obshchestva obsledovaniya i izucheniya Azerbaydjana – News of the Society for Observing and Studying Azerbaijan, 1926, no. 4, pp. 77–95. (In Russian)

2. Aleksandrowicz J. Litovskiye Tatary kak chast’ turkskogo Vostoka [Lithuanian Tatars as a Part of the Turkic East]. Izvestiya Obshchestva obsledovaniya i izucheniya Azerbaydjana – News of the Society for Observing and Studying Azerbaijan, 1927, no. 4, pp. 147–164. (In Russian)

3. Antonowicz A. Bielorusskiye teksty pisannyye pis’mom arabskim i ikh grafikoorfograficheskaya sistema [Byelorussian Texts Written in the Arabic Script, and their Graphic and Orthographic System]. Vilnius, Vilnius State V. Kapsukas University Publ., 1968. 418 p. (In Russian)

4. Gasprinski I., Russkoye musul’manstvo [Russian Islam]. Oxford, Society for Central Asian Studies Publ., 1985. 86 p. (In Russian)

5. Grishin Y. Polsko-litovskiye tatary (nasledniki Zolotoy Ordy) [PolishLithuanian Tatars (Successors of the Golden Horde)]. Kazan, Tatar Book Publishing House, 1995. 196 p. (In Russian)

6. Dumin S. Etnogeneticheskiye korni litovskikh tatar [Ethnogenetic Roots of the Lithuanian Tatars]. Tatarszczyzna w badaniach. Konteksty interdyscyplinarne [Research in Tatar Studies. Interdisciplinary Contexts]. Bialystok, Union of the Polish Republic Tatars, Podlaski Department Publ., 2015, pp. 149–177. (In Russian)

7. Dumin S., Kanapacki I. Beloryskiye tatary: minulaye i suchasnasc’ [Byelorussian Tatars; The Past and the Present]. Minsk, Polymia Publ., 1993. 206 p. (In Byeloruss)

8. Marciniak T. Musul’manskiye obshcziny v Pol’she [Muslim Communities in Poland]. Etnograficheskoye obozreniye – Ethnographic Review, 1995, no. 1, pp. 66–73. (In Russian)

9. Mishkinienė G. Ocherk istorii i kul’tury litovskikh tatar [Studies in Lithuanian Tatars’ History and Culture]. Diaspory, 2005, no. 2, pp. 40–61 (In Russian)

10. Muchlinski A. O proiskhojdenii i sostoyanii litovskikh tatar [On the Origin and State of the Lithuanian Tatars]. St. Petersburg, St.-Petersburg University Publ., 1857. 70 p. (In Russian)

11. Olszewski W. Urovni identifikatsii polskikh tatar v istoriko-etnologicheskom kontekstie [Levels of the Polish Tatars’ Identification in the Historical-Ethnological Context]. Etnicheskaya istoriya i kul’tura turkskikh narodov Yevrazii: Sb. nauch. tr. [Ethnic History and Culture of the Euro-Asia’s Turkic Peoples: Сollection of Research Papers]. Omsk, Poligrafist Publ., 2011, pp. 5–8. (In Russian)

12. Rezmer W. Tatarskiy polk ulanov imieni polkovnika Akhmatovicha [The Colonel Achmatowicz Regiment of the Tatar Uhlans]. Etnicheskaya istoriya i kul’tura turkskikh narodov Yevrazii: Sb. nauch. tr. [Ethnic History and Culture of Euro-Asia’s Turkic Peoples: Сollection of Research Papers]. Omsk, Poligrafist Publ., 2011, pp. 279– 281. (In Russian)

13. Stankievicz Y. Bielorusskiye musul’manie i bielorusskaya literatura [Byelorussian Muslims and Byelorussian Literature]. Vilnius, Y. Levin’s Publish House, 1933. 34 p. (In Belorussian)

14. Czerwonnaja S. Polsko-litovskiye tatary – zapadny forpost islama v Evropie [The Polish-Lithuanian Tatars – the Western Out-post of the Islam in Europe]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Islamskogo Universiteta – Moscow Islamic University’s Journal, 2010, no. 2, pp. 93–117. (In Russian)

15. Czerwonnaja S. Poeziya i jurnalistika Selima Chazbijewicza [The Poetry and the Journalism of Selim Chazbijewicz]. Estetyczne aspekty literatury polskich, białoruskich i litewskich Tatarów (od XVI do XXI w.). Edited by G. Czerwiński & A. Konopacki. Bialystok, The Department of Philology West – East, University in Bialystok, Union of the Polish Republic’s Tatars Publ., 2015, pp. 143–163. (In Russian)

16. Aleksandrowicz M. Legendy, znachorstwo, wróżby i gusła ludu muzułmańskiego w Polsce [Legends, Sorcererhood, and Divinations of the Muslim People in Poland]. Rocznik Tatarski – Vintage Tatar, 1935. vol. II, pp. 368–375. (In Polish)

17. Bajraszewski E. Wspomnienia [Memoirs]. Rocznik Tatarów Polskich – Yearbook of Polish Tatars, 1993. vol. I, pp. 103–108. (In Polish)

18. Barašauskaite T. Lietuvių totoriai XIX amžiuje [Lithuanian Tatars in the 19th Century]. Vilnius, Mintis Publ., 1996. 331 p. (In Lithuanian)

19. Bek J.V. Zarys historii wojennej Tatarskiego Pułku Ułanów imienia pułkownika Mustafy Achmatowicza [Study in the Military History of the Mustafa Achmatowicz Tatar Uhlans’ Regiment]. First Publishing: Warsaw 1933, Second Publishing: Gdańsk – Białystok, Muslim life Publ., 1990. 48 p. (In Polish)

20. Berger R. Pułkownik Jakub Romanowicz w listach [The Colonel Jakub Romanowicz in the Letters]. Rocznik Tatarów Polskich – Yearbook of Polish Tatars, 2016, vol. III (XVII), series 2, pp. 271–279. (In Polish)

21. Bogdanowicz R. Sabantuj w Kruszynianach [Sanatuy in Krushiniany]. Przeglaad Tatarski – Tatar Review, 2016, no. 4 (32), pp. 3–4. (In Polish)

22. Bohdanowicz L. The Muslims in Poland. Their Origin, History, and Cultural Life. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1942, October, pp. 163–180. (In English)

23. Bohdanowicz L., Chazbijewicz S., Tyszkiewicz J. Tatarzy Muzułmanie w Polsce [The Tatars-Muslims in Poland]. Gdańsk, Independent Publ. Polish Tatars, Union of the Polish Republic Tatars Publ., 1997. 105 p. + il. (In Polish)

24. Borawski P., Dubiński A. Tatarzy polscy. Dzieje, obrzędy, legendy, tradycje [Polish Tatars. Their Activity, Rites, Legends, Traditions]. Warsaw, Iskry Publ., 1986. 274 p. (In Polish)

25. Chazbijewicz S. Krym i Wilno [Crimea and Vilnius].Gdańsk, Edited by the author without Publ., 1999. [16 p.]. (In Polish)

26. Chazbijewicz S. Kultura literacka Tatarów polskich [The Literary Culture of the Polish Tatars]. Rocznik Tatarów Polskich – Yearbook of Polish Tatars, 1994, vol. II, pp. 240–247. (In Polish)

27. Chazbijewicz S. Kultura religijna Tatarów polskich [The Religious Culture of the Polish Tatars]. Rocznik Tatarów Polskich – Yearbook of Polish Tatars, 1995, vol. II, pp. 66–88. (In Polish)

28. Chazbijewicz S. Prasa tatarsko-muzułmańska w Polsce w latach 1939–1996 [The Tatar-Muslim Periodicals in Poland in1939–1996]. Rocznik Tatarów Polskich – Yearbook of Polish Tatars, 1995, vol. III, pp. 87–103. (In Polish)

29. Chazbijewicz S. Wpływ sufizmu (tasawwuf) na zwyczaje muzułmanów w Polsce [The Influence of Sufizm (Tasawwuf) on the Muslims’ Customs in Poland]. Życie Muzułmańskie – Muslim life, 1988, no. 9, p. 32. (In Polish)

30. Chazbijewicz S., Czachorowski M. Tylko niebo (Only the Heaven]. Wrocław – Białystok, Çaxarxan Xucalıc Publish House, Muslim Religious Union in the Polish Republic, High Mulim Collegium Publ., 2016. 27 p. (In Polish)

31. Chazbijewicz S., Moćkun S. Tatarzy pod Grunwaldem [The Tatars in Grunwald]. Grunwald, Museum of the Battle in Grunwald Publ., 2012. 64 p. (In Polish)

32. Czachorowski M.Ç. Czasopiśmiennictwo tatarskie i muzułmańskie w Polsce w latach 1945–2015 [Tatar and Muslim Periodicals in Poland in the Years of 1945– 2015]. Wrocław, Çaxarxan Xucalıc Publ., 2015. 74 p. (In Polish)

33. Czachorowski M., Szahidewicz H. (editor). Oto moje dziedzictwo [It is My Legacy]. Wrocław – Białystok, Muslim Union of the Polish Republic, Çaxarxan Xucalıc Publ., 2010. 111 p. (In Polish)

34. Czerwiński G. Istoriya – geografiya – geopoetika. O vozmojnykh metodakh analiza proizvedeniy sovremennoy khudojestvennoy literatury polskikh, litovskich i bielorusskikh tatar [History – Geography – Geo-poetics. On the Possible Analysis Methods of the Polish, Lithuanian, and Byelorussian Tatars’ Belletristic Works]. Slavia Orientalis, 2015, vol. LXIV, no. 2, pp. 331–346. (In Russian)

35. Czerwonnaja S., Chazbijewiz S. Tatarzy Krymscy – Tatarzy Polsko-Litewscy [Crimean Tatars – Polsko-Lithuanian Tatars].Toruń, Nicolaus Coipernicus University Sientific Publ., 2013. 292 p. (In Polish and Russian)

36. Dmitruk S. Prasa mniejszości tatarskiej w Polsce w latach 1996–2008 [Periodicals of the Tatar Minority in Poland in the years of 1996–2008]. Tatarzy – historia i kultura, materiały z sesji naukowej w Szreniawie 26–27 czerwca 2009 [Tatars – History and Culture, Proc. of the Conference in Szreniawa at June 26–27th 2009], Edited by S. Chazbijewicz. Szreniawa, 2009, pp. 55–71. (In Polish)

37. Drozd A. Corpus Inscriptionum Tartarorum Poloniae et Lithuaniae [Collection of the Polish and Lithuanian Tatars’ Scripts]. vol. I. Studzianka, Warsaw, Polish Orientalistic Assotiation Publ., 2016. 614 p. (In Polish)

38. Drozd A. Nowe odkrycia w badaniach nad piśmiennictwem tatarskim [New Discoveries in Studies on the Tatar Writing]. Rocznik Tatarów Polskich – Yearbook of Polish Tatars, 1994, vol. II, pp. 218–230. (In Polish)

39. Drozd A., Dziekan M., Majda T. Meczety i cmentarze Tatarów polskolitewskich. Katalog zabytków tatarskich [The Mosques and Graveyards of the PolishLithuanian Tatars. The Catalogue of Tatar Monuments]. vol. II. Warsaw, Res Publica Multietnica Publish House, 1999. 100 p. + 309 il. (In Polish)

40. Drozd A., Dziekan M., Majda T. Piśmiennictwo I muhiry Tatarów polskolitewskich. Katalog zabytków tatarskich [Writing Works and Muhirs of the PolishLithuanian Tatars. The Catalogue of Tatar Monuments]. vol. III. Warsaw, Res Publica Multietnica Publish House, 2000. 84 p. + 178 il. (In Polish)

41. Dumin S. Herbarz rodzin tatarskich Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego [Heraldry of the Tatar Families in the Great Lithuanian Principality]. Gdańsk, Union of the Polish Tatars Publ., 1999. 140 p. (In Polish)

42. Fabijonavičius J. Totoriai – Lietuvos senbuviai [The Tatars as Old Inhabitants in Lithuania]. Mokslas ir gyvenimas – Science and Life, 1990, no. 12 pp. 24–25. (In Lithuanian)

43. Grygaitis K. Osadnictwo Tatarów hospodarskich w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim XIV–XVIII w. [Tatar Landowners’ Moving (Installation) in the Great Lithuanian Principality in the 14th – 18th Centuries]. Rocznik Tatarów Polskich – Yearbook of Polish Tatars, 2003, vol. VIII, pp. 25–26. (In Polish)

44. Gutowski J. Broń i uzbrojenie Tatarów. Katalog zabytków tatarskich [Tatars’ Weapons and Arming. The Catalogue of Tatar Monuments]. vol. I. Warsaw, Res Publica Multietnica Publish House, 1997. 70 p. + 101 il. (In Polish)

45. Jakubauskas A., Sitdykov G., Dumin S. Lietuvos totoriai istorijoje ir kultūroje / Litovskiye tatary v istorii i kulturie [The Lithuanian Tatars in History and Culture]. Kaunas, Union of the Lithuanian Tatars’ Communities Publ., 2009. 307 p. (In Lithunian and Russian)

46. Janowicz-Czaińska Drotlew Z. Przez lasy Syberii do Wielkiej Brytanii [Through Siberian Forests to the Great Britain]. Gdańsk, Union of the Polish Tatars Publ., Rocznik Tatarów Polskich Publ., 2001.112 p. + il. (In Polish)

47. Jasiewicz Z. Tatarzy polscy. Grupa etniczna czy etnograficzna? [Polish Tatars. An Ethnic Group or an Ethnographic Group?]. Lud – People, 1980, no. 64, pp. 145–157. (In Polish)

48. Jaskulski W. Półkownik Józef Korycki – Tatarski artylerzysta II Rzeczy Pospolitej (zarys biografii) [The Colonel Józef Korycki – the Tatar Artillerist in the Second Polish Republic (A Biographical Sudy)].Wrocław, Çaxarxan Xucalıc Publish House, 2012. 99 p. (In Polish)

49. Kamocki J. Tatarzy polscy, jako grupa etnograficzna [The Polish Tatars as anethnographic group]. Rocznik Tatarów Polskich – Yearbook of Polish Tatars, 1993 [Gdańsk, vol. I], pp. 43–47. (In Polish)

50. Kołodziejczyk A. Cmentarze muzułmańskie w Polsce [Muslim Cementeries in Poland]. Warsaw, Center of the Landscapes’ and Monuments’ Safeguarding in Warsaw Publ., 1998. 112 p. (In Polish)

51. Kołodziejczyk A. Rozprawy i studia z dziejów Tatarów litewsko-polskich i islamu w Polsce w XVII–XX w. [Studies and Investigations on the Activity of the Lithuanian-Polish Tatars and of Islam in Poland in the 17th – 18th Centuries]. Siedlce, Instytute of the History, High Agrarian-Pedagogikal School Publ., 1997. 218 p. (In Polish)

52. Konopacki A. Życie religijne Tatarów na ziemiach Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w XVI–XIX wieku [The Religious Life of the Tatars on the lands of the Great Lithuanian Principality in the 16th – 19th Centuries]. Warsaw, Warsawer University Publ., 2010. 253 p. (In Polish)

53. Konopacki I. Tatarzy na Białorusi [The Tatars in the Byelorussia], Rocznik Tatarów Polskich – Yearbook of Polish Tatars, 1997 vol. IV, pp. 187–196. (In Polish)

54. Konopacki M. Piśmiennictwo Tatarów polsko-litewskich w nauce polskiej i obcej [The Writing System of the Lithuanian-Polish Tatars in the Polish and Foreign Research]. Przegląd Orientalistyczny – Orientalist Review, 1966, no. 3 (59), pp. 193– 205. (In Polish)

55. Kościelniak Ks. K. Muzułmanie polscy. Religia i kultura [The Polish Muslims. Religion and Culture]. Cracow, Publish House M. (Wydawnictwo M.), 2016. 244 p. (In Polish)

56. Kričinskis S. Lietuvių totoriai. Istorinės ir etnografinės monografijos bandymas [The Lithuanian Tatars. An attempt ofa Historical and Ethnografical Monography]. Vilnius, The Publish House for Science and Encycllopaedia, 1993. 279 p. (In Lithuanian)

57. Кryczyński L. Tatarzy litewscy w wojsku polskim w powstaniu 1831 roku [Lithuanian Tatars in the Polish Army during the Insurrection 1831]. Rocznik Tatarski – Vintage Tatar, 1932, vol.1, pp. 113–152. (In Polish)

58. Kryczyński S. Kronika wojenna Tatarów litewskich [The Military Chronicle of the Lithuanian Tatars]. Gdańsk, Union of the Polish Tatars Publ., 1997 / 1998. 56 p. (In Polish)

59. Kryczyński S. Tatarzy litewscy. Próba monografii historyczno-etnograficznej [The Lithuanian Tatars. An Attempt ofa Historical and Ethnografical Monography]. Warsaw, The Cultural-Educational Union of the Tatars in the Polish Republic Publ., 1938. 318 p. (In Polish)

60. Kulwicka-Kamińska J., Łapicz Cz. (editor) Tatarzy Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w historii, języku i kulturze / Tatary Vielikogo Kniajestva Litovskogo v istorii, yazykie i kul’turie / The Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in History, Language, and Culture. Toruń, Scientific Assotaiation in Torun Publ., 2013. 340 p. (In Polish, Russian and English)

61. Łapicz Cz. Kitab Tatarów litewsko-polskich (Paleografia. Grafia. Język) [The Kitab (Book) of the Lithuanian-Polish Tatars (Paleografia, Grafika, Language)]. Toruń, Nicolaus Copernicus University Publ., 1986. 236 p. (In Polish)

62. Łyszczarz M. Młode pokolenie Polskich Tatarów. Studium przemian generacyjnych młodzieży w kontekście religijności muzułmańskiej oraz tożsamości etnicznej [The Young Generation of the Polish Tatars: The Study of Changes in the Youth in the Context of the Muslim Religiosity and Ethnic Identity]. Olsztyn – Bialystok, Warmińsko-Mazurski University, Mulim Religious Union Publ., 2013. 317 p. (In Polish)

63. Miśkiewicz A. Aleksander Sulkiewicz – uczestnik walk o niepodległość Polski, Rówieśnik i przyjaciel Józefa Piłsudskiego [Aleksander Sulkiewicz – a Participant in the Struggle for the Poland’s Independence, a person of the Same Age with Józef Piłsudski and his Friend]. Przegląd Tatarski – Tatar Review, 2016, no. 4 (32), pp. 18–20. (In Polish)

64. Miśkiewicz A. Jeszcze o tatarskim rodzie Miśkiewiczów [Onceagain about the Tatar Family (Clan) Miśkiewicz]. Przegląd Tatarski – Tatar Review, 2016, no 2 (30), pp. 18–20. (In Polish)

65. Miśkiewicz A. (editor) Słownik biograficzny Tatarów polskich XX wieku [The Biographical Lexicon of Polish Tatars in the 20th Century]. Białystok, The Muslim Religious Union in the Polish Republic, the High Muslim Collegium Publ., 2016. 204 p. (In Polish)

66. Miśkiewicz A. Tatarska legenda. Tatarzy polscy 1945 – 1990 [The Tatar Legend. The Polish Tatars 1945–1990]. Białystok, Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza Publish House, 1993. 131 p. (In Polish)

67. Miśkiewicz A. Tatarzy na ziemiach zachodnich Polski w latach 1945–2005 [The Tatars on the Western Lands of Poland in the Years of 1945–2015]. Gorzów Wielkopolski, The Zbigniew Herbert Public Library Publ., 2009. 216 p. (In Polish)

68. Miśkiewicz A. Tatarzy polscy 1918–1939 [The Polish Tatars 1918–1939]. Warsaw, State Scientific Publish House, 1990. 206 p. (In Polish)

69. Nalewajko P. Ponad nimi tylko niebo [Above Them – only the Heaven]. Przegląd Tatarski – Tatar Review, 2016, no 4 (32), p. 8. (In Polish)

70. Norrys H. Islam in the Baltic. Europe’s Early Muslim Community. London – New York, Tauris Academic Studies, I.B. Tauris Publishers, 2009. 219 p. (In English)

71. Pavlenko S. Adas Jakubauskas – poeta litewsko-tatarski [AdasJakubauskas – theLithuanian-TatarPoet]. Rocznik Tatarów Polskich – Yearbook of Polish Tatars, 2016, vol. III (XVIII), pp. 257–258, 265. (In Polish)

72. Pawlic-Miśkiewicz B., Mucharska A., Świerblewska L. (editor) Tatarskie Love Srory. Ślub [Rytuały przejścia Tatarow Polskich] [Tatar Love Stories (Wedding Rites of the Polish Tatars)]. Białystok, The Muslim Religious Union in the Polish Republic, the High Muslim Collegium Publ., 2016. 172 p. (In Polish)

73. Radłowska K. Status etniczny Tatarów polskich w literaturze naukowej i w opiniach badanych [The Ethnic Status of the Polish Tatars in the Scientific Literature and in the Opinions of Researchers]. Tatarszczyzna w badaniach. Konteksty interdyscyplinarne [Research in Tatar Studies. Interdisciplinary contexts]. Białystok. Union of the Polish Republic Tatars Publ., 2015, pp. 101–110. (In Polish)

74. Sobczak J. Położenie prawne ludności tatarskiej w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim [The Legal Situation of the Tatar Population in the Great Lithuanian Principality]. Warsaw – Poznań, State Scientific Publish House, 1984. 133 p. (In Polish)

75. Sobczak J. Położenie prawne tatarskich wyznawców islamu w II Rzeczypospolitej [The Legal Situation of the Tatar Belivers of Islam in the Second Polish republic]. Przegląd historyczny – Historical Review, 1988, vol. 79, no 3, pp. 501–520. (In Polish).

76. Sobolewski J. Żołnierskie wspomnienia [Soldier’s Memoirs], Białystok, The Muslim Religious Union in the Polish Republic, the High Muslim Collegium Publ., 2014. 199 p. (In Polish)

77. Szapszał H.S. O zatraceniu języka ojczystego przez Tatarów w Polsce [About the Loss of the Mother Language by the Tatars in Poland]. Rocznik Tatarski – Vintage Tatar, 1932, vol. 1, pp. 34–49. (In Polish)

78. Szynkiewicz J. O kitabie [About the kitab (the Tatar Book)]. Rocznik Tatarski – Vintage Tatar, 1932, vol. I, pp. 188–195. (In Polish)

79. [Tuhan-Baranowski M.] O Muślimach litewskich. Z notat i przekładów litewskiego Tatara Macieja Tuhana-Baranowskiego. [About the Lithuanian Muslims. From the Notes and Translations of the Lithuanian Tatar Maciej Tuhana-Baranowski]. Warsaw, Gebethner&Wolff Publ., 1896. 72 p. (In Polish)

80. Tyszkiewicz J. Olgierd, Leon i Stanisław Kryczyńscy, działaczy kulturalni i badacze przeszłości Tatarów [Olgierd, Leon and Stanisław Kryczyńscy – Public Figures in the Culture, Researchers of the Tatars’ Past]. Rocznik Tatarów Polskich – Yearbook of Polish Tatars, 1993 [vol I], pp. 5–14. (In Polish)

81. TyszkiewiczJ. TatarzynaLitwieiwPolsce. Studia z dziejów XIII–XVIII w. [Tatars in Lithuania and Poland. Studies of their activities in 13th – 18th Centuries]. Warsaw, State Scientific Publish House, 1989. 343 p. (In Polish)

82. TyszkiewiczJ. ZhistoriiTatarówpolskich. 1794–1944. Zbiór szkiców z aneksami źródłowymi [From the History of the Polish Tatars. 1794 – 1944. Collection of Essays with Attachments from the Searches]. Pułtusk, The High Numanistic School Publ., 1998. 182 p. (In Polish)

83. Warmińska K. Tatarzy Polscy. Tożsamość religijna i etniczna [The Polish Tatars. Their Religious and Ethnic Identity]. Cracow, Universitas Publish House, 1999. 238 p. (In Polish)

84. Wieczorkowski M. Katechizm z okazji ochrzczenia Tatarzyna Budziackiego [A Catechizm in Relation to the Baptizm of the Tatar Budziacki]. Wrocław, Çaxarxan Xucalıc Publish House, 2012. 80 p. (In Polish)

85. Woronowicz A. Kitab Tatarów litewskich i jego zawartość [The Kitab (Book) of the Lithuanian Tatars and Its Content]. Rocznik Tatarski – Vintage Tatar, 1935, vol. II, pp. 376–394. (In Polish)

86. Woronowicz А. Szczątki językowe Tatarów litewskich [The Old Fragments and Remainders in The Language of the Lithuanian Tatars]. Rocznik Tatarski – Vintage Tatar, 1935, vol. II, pp. 351–366. (In Polish)

About the author: Swietłana (Svetlana) M. Czerwonnaja is a Prof. ord., Dr. hab. of Humanistic Science (History of the Arts), Doctor Honoris Causa of the Tbilissi Iwan Djavakhishvili State University (Georgia), Doctor Honoris Causa of the KatachayCherkessian State University (Russian Federation), Honoured Scientist for Tatar ASSR, Honorary member of the Polish Institute for World Art Studies (Warshaw, Poland), Professor of the Department of Historical Studies, Subdepartment of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, Nicolaus Copernicus University (11, Gagarin Str., Toruń 87- 100, Poland); swetlana@umk.pl


Received 18.01.2017   Accepted for publication 03.06.2017

Published Online 17.11.2017